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In response to late-glacial and post-glacial isostasy and eustatic changes in sea level, that part of the St. Lawrence Lowland east of the Great Lakes was inundated by waters of the Atlantic Ocean or some 2000 years. Some of its shorelines, sediments, and associated fossils were recognized by natural scientists more than 100 years ago. Early observers were aware that the macrofossils were marine and mainly of arctic to subarctic species. They recognized, therefore, a considerable anomaly between those fossils and modern ones of the same latitude.

This volume, based on a symposium of the Geological Association of Canada (May, 1986), presents the views of a number of researchers whose interpretations accept a common theme, but differ, even conflict, in the consideration of certain relationships as recorded in radiocarbon dates and those concerning the pre-Champlain Sea existence of a major glacial lake controlled by an ice dam at the narrows near the city of Quebec. These and other questions remain open and debatable, and the reader, hopefully, will be encouraged to enter into the spirit in which these elements of discussion were first presented.